Science - Know about it

 

What is Science ?

Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. It involves the observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena. Science relies on empirical evidence and the scientific method, which includes observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and the validation or refutation of hypotheses.

In Easy language, Science is the study of how things work in the world around us. It involves asking questions, making observations, doing experiments, and finding out how things happen. Scientists use these methods to understand everything from the tiniest particles to the largest galaxies.

Key Points:

1. Observation: Watching and noticing things in the world.

2. Question: Asking why or how something happens.

3. Experiment: Testing ideas to see if they are correct.

4. Evidence: Gathering information to support or refute an idea.

Main Areas of Science:

1. Natural Science: Studies nature and includes:

          - Physics: How things move and interact (like gravity or light).

 Definition :- The study of matter, energy, and the fundamental forces of nature. Topics include mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics.

   - Chemistry: What things are made of and how they change (like reactions).

Definition :-The study of substances, their properties, reactions, and the changes they undergo. It includes areas like organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, and biochemistry.

   - Biology: The study of living things (like plants and animals).

Definition :-The study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment. Subfields include botany, zoology, genetics, microbiology, and ecology.

- Earth Science: The study of earth.

Definition :-The study of the Earth and its processes. It includes geology, meteorology, oceanography, and environmental science.

- Astronomy: The study of universe.

Definition :-The study of celestial objects, space, and the universe as a whole.

2. Social Science: Studies people and societies, including:

   - Psychology: How people think and behave.

Definition :-The study of the mind and behavior, including cognitive, emotional, and social processes.

   - Sociology: How societies work and interact.

Definition :-The study of society, social institutions, and social relationships.

- Economics: How countries' GDP will grow.

Definition :-The study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services

- Political Science: To understand the political structure and functionality of a particular country and how it is impacting its own country.

Definition :-The study of politics, government systems, and political behavior.

- Anthropology: To understand the culture and its development in a particular country.

Definition :-The study of human societies, cultures, and their development.

3. Formal Science: Studies ideas and theories using logic and math, including:

   - Mathematics: Numbers and shapes.

Definition :-The abstract study of numbers, quantity, structure, space, and change. It includes areas such as algebra, calculus, geometry, and statistics.

   - Computer Science: How computers solve problems.

Definition :-The study of algorithms, data structures, software design, and the theoretical foundations of computation.

4. Applied Science: Uses science to solve practical problems, including:

   - Engineering: Designing and building things like bridges or computers.

Definition :-The application of scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items. Branches include civil, mechanical, electrical, and chemical engineering.

   - Medicine: Keeping people healthy and treating illnesses.

Definition :-The science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. Subfields include surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry, and oncology.

- Environmental Science: protect ecosystems and human health.

Definition :-The study of environmental processes and how they can be managed to protect ecosystems and human health.

- Agricultural Science: Improving cultivation, production of crops.

Definition :-The study of producing crops and raising livestock, including the development of new agricultural techniques and technologies.

The science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. Subfields include surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry, and oncology.